Preheat oven to 425°F. Spread cauliflower florets on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Drizzle with olive oil, season with salt and pepper. Roast for 18-20 minutes, flipping halfway, until golden and tender.
While cauliflower roasts, heat heavy cream in a large pot over medium-low heat. Add cream cheese cubes and whisk until melted and smooth.
Reduce heat to low. Add cheddar and Monterey Jack one handful at a time, stirring until melted. Stir in garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, Dijon mustard, and cayenne. Season with salt and pepper.
Add roasted cauliflower to the cheese sauce and gently fold until every piece is coated. Transfer to an oven-safe baking dish.
Mix grated Parmesan, melted butter, and garlic powder in a small bowl. Sprinkle over the top of the cauliflower mac and cheese.
Broil on high for 2-3 minutes until topping is golden and crispy. Top with bacon, chives, or hot sauce if desired. Serve immediately.